Introduction:

Ethno-botany commonly refers to the inter-relationship between primitive people and plants the relationship being extended to the entire range of influences of each on the other and not merely confined to the used (De. 1968). The study about the traditional medicine of aboriginals is therefore an aspect of ethno-botany as these people still prefer to live in perfect dependence of nature in areas far off from civilization.

The area of central Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh in central India is rich in Medicinal plants and inhabited by various tribes and other people secluded from urbanization and from impact of Modern technological developments provide good scope for ethno-medicinal studies. Only a few preliminary reports on ethno-botanical aspects of this region are available (Saxena and Vyas 1981, Bhalla et. Al. 1992, Sahu 1962, Sahu et. al 1983, Malaiya1992, Dixit 1994). Hence a survey of various localities of Sagar district, was curried out of the collection of plants and information regarding the use of medicinal plant with the help of personal interview with tribal people, old villager’s local inhabitants, Vaidyas and from the available literature.

Received on 27.04.2015 Modified on 20.05.2015

Research J. Science and Tech. 7(2): April-June, 2015; Page 115-117

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2988.2015.00014.5

In view of the above mentioned back ground the present work carried out in which attention has been focused mainly on following aspects.

Nearby about 100 medicinal plants were collected from 6 different localities Viz. Rahatgarh Banda, Baraitha, Rangir, Ramna and Dhamoni of Sagar district collected plants were identified and preserved in herbarium of the Department, flowering and fruiting, locality and availability of medicinal plants were noted and information several people of the study area.

Madhya Pradesh-

The ethnology of Gonds has been studied by Elwin (1947, 1950) and Grigson (1949). Jain (1963 a, b, 1965) contributed papers about the ethno-botany of the state. Bhalla et al (1982) Saxena (1980). Tiwari et. al. (1998) etc reported several medicinal plants and their uses.

As for as central Bundelkhand region (Sagar region ) is concerned fragmentary information is available in literature Sagar district is situated a few kilometer north of the tropic of cancer at 23⁰ 50⁰ N latitude and 78⁰ 40⁰ E longitude and occupies a central position in India.

Geology – The main geological formations are Deccan trap on the places Sagar district at the south eastern edges of the great Malwa plateau. Sagar region is mainly mode up of sandstone, Vindhyan and basalt.

Soil – The topography of the soil is very undulation and there is rich variation in physical and chemical properties of the soil. Mainly four types the soil of this region.

(1) Alluvial soil or clayey soil

(2) Black soil

(3) Red soil

(4) Lateritic or sandy soil

Climate – The climate of the whole Sagar district is more or less alike due to similar to topographic features. The climate of Sagar region is broadly characterized by typical central Indian type with three distinct seasons. Mishra (1961)

The summer season- march to June

The rainy - June to September

The winter – October to February

The monsoon season- October to November is most pleasant

Vegetation– Sagar region is one of the most extensively forested region of the state, The climatic edaphic and altitudinal variation with their complex inter– relationship and species composition have resulted in different kind of vegetation cover in the area. The forest of the district belongs to Northern tropical dry deciduous type consisting of teak forest and mixed forest Seth (1964)

Population – The district has total population according to 2011 census is 2,378,295 persons. Rural population of district 1,669,662 people and urban population are 708,796 persons.

The tribe’s people and their life style –

Sagar district having a large area of forest and natural forest wealth with about 27 tribal group live among it viz Agariya, Baiga, Bhaina, Bhil, Damar, Gomar, Gond etc.

Table

Botanical Name	Family	Local Name	Use.
Abrus precatorius L.	Fabaceae	Chanothi	Leaves chewed in mouth ulcers and paste of leaves is applied on wounds
Adhatoda vasica Nees	Acanthaceae	Ardusi	Juice of leaves is given along with goat’s milk in tuberculosis up to six months
Aloe barbadensis Mill	Liliaceae	Kunwar	Pulp of leaf is applied on burns, boils, swellings piles, eczema and erysipelas
Annona squamosa L.	Annoaceae	Sitaphal	Paste of leaves is applied on boils and wounds. Paste of seeds is applied in hairs to kill lice and remove dandruff
Argemone Mexicana L.	Papaveraceae	Darudi	Latex is applied on eczema and swellings
Argyreia nervosa Burm f. (Boj	Convolulaceae	Vardharo	Warmed leaf is applied on boils for ripening lower surface and upper surface of leaf is applied on boils for healing
Aristolochia bracteolata Lamk	Aristolochiaceae	Kidamar	Past of leaves is applied on boils, wounds and cuts
Azadirachta indica A. Juss	Meliaceae	Limdo	Paste of leaves is applied on boils cuts wounds, eczema, scabies erysipelas irritation etc.
Basella rubra L.	Basellaceae	Poi	Paste of leaves is applied on burns, swellings, tumours and boils.
Butea monosperma (Lamk)	Fabaceae	Khakhro	Paste of leaves is applied on cuts, wounds and boils
Caesalpinia crista L.	Caesalpiniaceae	Kachka	Paste of leaves is applied on cuts, wounds boils and swellings
Calotropis gigantea Ait	Asclepiadaceae	Moto ankado	Its latex is applied on swellings, boils and to remove spines from heel
Cassia fistula L.	Caesalpiniaceae	Garmalo	Paste of leaflets is applied on eczema, boils and wounds
Cassia tora L.	Caesalpiniaceae	Kuwadio	Paste of roasted and powdered seeds is applied on ringworm, eczema and scabies
Cissus quadrangularis L.	Vitaceae	Hadsankal	Paste of stem is applied on swellings, blunt injury and bone fracture.
Clerodendrum inerme (L.) Gaertn	Verbenaceae	Kadvi Mendi	Paste of leaves is applied on swellings, eczema and boils
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.	Poaceae	Durva	Paste of leaves is applied on cuts and wounds.
Derris indica (Lamk.)Bennet	Fabaceae	Karanj	Paste of seed is applied on eczema, ringworm and scabies
Dodonaea viscose (L.) Jacq	Sapinadaceae	Jakhmi	Paste of leaves is applied on cuts, wounds and ulcers.
Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk	Asteraceae	Bhangaro	Paste of leaves is applied on cuts, boils, wounds and swellings
Euphorbia hirta L.	Euphorbiaceae	Dudheli	Latex is applied on swellings , piles and boils
Euphorbia nerifolia auct, PI. Non L.	Euphorbiaceae	Vad thor	Milky Juice (latex) is applied on swellings, boils and to remove spines from heel
Ficus benghalensis L.	Moraceae	Vadlo	Prop root twigs are used as tooth brushes in cases of loose teeth and pyorrhea.
Indigofera rincloria L.	Fabaceae	Gali	Paste of leaves is applied on sores, ulcers, piles, wounds and boils
Jatropha curcas L.	Euphorbiaceae	Ratanjot	Paste of leaves is applied on rheumatism and swellings
Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers	Crassulaceae	Panphuti	Paste of leaf is applied on boils, cuts and wounds
Lawsonia alba Lamk	Lythraceae	Mendi	Paste of Leaves is applied on wounds, burns, boils, cuts and swellings
Melia azadirach L.	Meliaceae.	Bakan limdo	Paste of leaves is applied on boils, eczema and wounds
Nyctanthes arbor- tristis L.	Oleaceae	Parijatak	Paste of leaves is applied on eczema, ringworm and boils
Ocimum basilicum L.	Lamiaceae	Marovo	Juice of leaves is dropped into ears in case of earache
Opuntia elatior Mill	Cactaceae	Phaphdothor	Pulp of phyllode is applied on swellings, boils and burns
Oxalis corniculata L.	Oxalidaceae	Changeri	Paste of leaves is applied on corns, wounds and cuts
Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz	Mimosaceae	Gando baval	Paste of leaves is applied on swellings, boils and wounds
Ricinus communis L.	Euphorbiaceae	Arandi	Paste of leaf is applied on boils, eczema and swellings
Salvadora persica L.	Salvadoroceae	Piludi	Paste of leaves is applied on boils, swellings and piles, juice of leaves is employed as mouth wash in sore throat
Salvia aegyptiaca L.	Lamiaceae	Lavingiyo bant	Paste of leaves is applied on corns, boils, cuts and wounds
Tridax Procumbens L.	Asteraceae	Panaphad	Juice of leaves is applied on cuts and wounds in order to stop bleeding and healing
Triumfetta rotundifolia Lamk	Tiliaceae	Zipto	Paste of leaves is applied on cuts, wounds and boils
Typha australis schum and Thonn	Typhaceae	Ghabajariu	Paste of warmed inflorescence is applied on boils, wounds and cuts
Urginea indica (Roxb) Kunth	Liliaceae	Pankando	Paste of bulb is warmed along with jaggery then applied on swellings, boils and spine pains
Vitex negundo L.	Verbenaceae	Nagod	Paste of leaves is applied on boils and swellings
Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal	Solanaceae	Ashwagandha	Paste of leaves is applied on boils, swellings and tumours
Zizyphus nummularia (Burm f.) Wand A	Rhamnaceae	Chanibor	Paste of leaves is applied on boils, wounds and cuts

CONCLUSION:

It was observed during the survey that the persons in the tribal area have some Knowledge about herbal medicines. It was also observed that the use of a plant for a particular disease was almost some in different location but the mode of application of drug varied. Contain plant species are used for a number of diseases and their mode of application is variable. They are used singly or in combination with other species.

The common method of preparing medicines is to make an infusion by boiling the fresh or dried plant in water. Sometimes dried parts are used as powdered form and in some cases seed oil is extracted and is used singly or in combination of other herbs.

REFERENCE:

(1) De. 1968 –“Ethno-Botany a New Science in India”. Sc and Cutt. 34 (8) – 326-328

(2) Saxena and Vyas 1981- “ Ethno-botanical reports on infectious diseases from tribal’s of Banda district (U.P.) J Econ. Tax Bot. 2 191-194.

(3) Bhalla et. al 1982- Traditional plant medicines of Sagar district M.P. India “J. Eco. Taxo. Bot 3, PP 23-32.

(4) Sahu T.R. (1982) “An ethno-botanical study of Madhya Pradesh I- plants used against various disorders among tribal women” Ancient sci. of life J (3) pp. 178-181.

(5) Sahu T.R., Sahu, Indira and Dakwale, K.N. (1983) “Further contribution towards the ethno-botany of M.P. II- Plant used against diarrhea and dysentery:. Ancient Sci. of Life 2(3) pp. 196-170.

(6) Malaiya S. (1992): Antimicrobial evaluation of certain medicinal plants of Ethno-botanical impotence” Ph.D. Thesis, Dr. H.S. Gour University Sagar.

(7) Dixit A.K. (1994) “Ethno-medicinal, Phyto-chemical and Antimicrobial studies of some medicinal plants of Sagar district”. Ph.D. thesis, Dr. H.S. Gour University Sagar.

(8) Elwin 1947, 1950 –“The Muria and their Ghotul.” Bombay.

(9) Grigson (1949) – “The Maria Gonad of Bastar” London (2^nd)

(10) Jain 1963 a, b 1965 – “Observation on the ethno-botany of tribal of M.P.” Vanyajati 11: PP. 177-183.

(11) Bhalla et. Al 1982 – Traditional plant medicines of sagar district, M.P. , India” J. Eco. Taxo Bot 3; pp 23-32

(12) Saxena (1986) – “Observation on the ethno-botany of M.P. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 28(1-4)’ 149-156

(13) Mishra (1961) “Ecological study of some forests of Sagar with special reference to underlying rocks and soil” Ph D. Thesis Dr. H.S. Gour University Sagar

Received on 11.04.2015 Modified on 22.04.2015

Research J. Science and Tech. 7(2): April-June, 2015; Page 111-114

DOI: 10.5958/2349-2988.2015.00013.3