A Review on Coronavirus

Mahesh. B. Chavan¹, Durgesh Tarade², Kushan. H. Pagare¹, Ritik. S. Jain²

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Ratnadeep College of Pharmacy, Jamkhed.

²Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Ahinsa Institute of Pharmacy Dondaicha, Dist. Dhule.

*Corresponding Author E-mail: Ritikbadera390@gmail.com

Abstract:

Coronavirus disease also termed as covid-19 or SARS-COV-2 infection has been declared as global pandemic disease by World Health Organization (WHO). The first case of covid-19 is reported at the local Huanan Seafood wholesale market in Wuhan city in Hubei in central chain at last of 2019. Covid-19 is rapidly spread throughout the world since December – 2019 from Wuhan city of China. Covid-19 patient has various symptoms like fever, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, fatigue and others. It is very necessary to identify the cases of covid-19 as soon as possible and isolate the suspected people and confirmed cases of Covid-19 to prevent the infection to other peoples.

KEYWORDS: Coronavirus, Disease-19, Covid-19, SARS, Symptoms, Respiratory syndrome.

INTRODUCTION:

In December 2019, Wuhan in the Hubei province of China announced on active epidemic of pneumonia associated with a novel coronavirus identified as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. (SARS-COV-2). Over the next few weeks infections spread throughout China and elsewhere in the World. On February 12, 2020 WHO named the disease coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid- 19) caused by the novel coronavirus. The first infected cause were associated with a food market in Wuhan.

There are four separate subfamilies the alpha, beta, gamma and Delta coronavirus. Alpha and beta coronavirus appear to come from mammals especially from bats, whereas gamma and Delta coronavirus derive from pigs and birds. SARS -COV -2 virus belongs to the genus beta coronavirus.²

Coronavirus spread in following ways:-

Coughing and sneezing without covering the mouth can disperse droplets into the air. Touching or shaking hands with a person who has the virus can pass the virus between individuals. Making contact with a surface or object that has the virus and then touching the nose, eyes or mouth. The National Institute of Health (NIH) suggest that several groups of people that have highest risk of developing complications due to covid -19.

These group include

1. Young Children

2. People aged 65 years or older

3. Women who are pregnant.³

Epidemiology:-

All ages are susceptible. Infection is transmitted through large droplets generated during coughing and sneezing by symptomatic patients but can also occur from asymptomatic people and before onset of symptoms. Some people may act as super spreaders a U.K. citizen who attended a conference in Singapore infected 11 other people while staying in a resort in the french Alps and upon return to the UK. Infection is acquired either by inhalation of these droplets or touching the nose, mouth and eyes.⁴

Pathophysiology of Covid-19:-

Infection begins when the virus enters the host cell, the virus particle is uncoated and the spike protein attaches to its complementary host cell receptor. After attachment a proteolytic enzyme of host cell cleaves and activates the receptor attached spike macromolecule. Depending on the host cell proteolytic enzyme available cleavage and activation enable cell entry through endocytosis or direct fusion of the viral envelope with host membrane¹

Prevention and precaution of covid-19 :-

1. Wash your hands regularly and thoroughly with soap and water for at least 20 seconds or with an alcohol based hand sanitizer completely cover your hands and rub them together.

2. Maintain social distancing at least of 3 feet distance. And avoid close contact with people who are sick

3. Avoid large events and mass gatherings

4. If you have cough fever and difficulty breathing, seek medical attention and consult to your doctor.

5. Whenever you cough or sneeze cover mouth and nose with a tissue paper.

6. Drink warm water throughout the day.¹

CONCLUSION:

In this review, we conclude that covid-19 pandemic is international public health problems. The article is going to be describe about coronavirus and covid-19 comprehensively to know well. This review will help out in understanding origin and epidemiology with the transmission of novel coronvirus and covid-19 worldwide and their prevention. This new virus outbreak has challenged the economic, medical and public health infrastructure of China and other countries especially it’s neighbors

REFERENCE:

1. A review on covid-19 and it’s prevention by Amit Gupta at International journal of research and development in technology, page no – 309

2. A review on covid-19 Epidemiology and treatment by Hasnain Jan at Discoveries journal, page no – 1

3. A review on coronavirus by shrikrushna subhash unhale at World journal of pharmaceutical and life science, page no 110

4. A review on coronavirus disease 2019 by Tanu singhal at The Indian journal of pediatric

5. https://images.app.goo.gl/ZRcLtonDyAZoTyFA7

6. https://images.app.goo.gl/ggZXwgZ8yvQX4c4x8

Received on 12.10.2021 Modified on 16.11.2021

Research J. Science and Tech. 2021; 13(4)253-255.

DOI: 10.52711/2349-2988.2021.00039